08 Jan 2024

Daily practice questions for CLAT - (08 Jan 2024)



Who says that you shouldn't put metals in a microwave? Don't try this at home, but high-tech metal compounds can be cooked up inside a humble microwave oven in less time than it takes to warm baked beans. The conditions inside a microwave suit some chemical reactions as they cook foods from the inside out, as those who have messily experimented with eggs will already know. This means that, unlike conventional ovens that can burn the skin of the still-frozen chicken, microwaves distribute heat evenly. And microwaves offer the ideal conditions to combine metals and nitrogen into metal nitrides, Dinesh Agrawal and colleagues at Pennsylvania State University now report. Metal nitrides resist chemical corrosion, wear and high temperatures -- making them extremely useful. Gallium nitride, for example, is a semiconductor that is expected to play a key role in developing high-power, high-temperature electronics like blue-ultraviolet lasers. Other nitrides are used as catalysts (vanadium nitride) and protective coatings (titanium nitride). But nitrides are a pain to make. Temperature control must be precise, the atomised metallic powder can explode and it can take several days for enough nitrogen to diffuse into the metal. Like the chicken, a nitride crust can build up around otherwise untouched aluminium or titanium. Agrawal's team finds that nitrides cook all the way through if they pop the ingredients into a microwave. Admittedly, it is a modified appliance. 'Defrost,' 'full power' and 'simmer' are not accurate enough settings, so the team bypasses the control panel and varies the power externally. Cooling water protects the metal top, and holes drilled through the sides admit a nitrogen supply pipe. Otherwise, it is the same as a microwave from any high-street store and, Agrawal says, entirely safe. Metal powders mixed with solid ammonium chloride are packed into pellets and placed inside the nitrogen supply tube at the oven's centre. Ceramic fibre insulation is packed around the tube before the microwave is turned on. "The insulation is very important," says Agrawal, as temperatures within can reach 1,400°C.

Question1:- What can be understood from the passage about the new application for cooking?
  • A. It is highly resistant to heat.
  • B. The new micro-wave contains a great amount of aluminium.
  • C. It consumes nitrogen for the metal cooking process.
  • D. It is a slightly modified version of the microwave.
Answer is C is correct. The microwave application has a special arrangement for supply of the nitrogen. It uses nitrogen to make nitrides. So, option (c) is the correct answer. The new application is not resistant to heat or has a great amount of aluminium. Option (a) and option (b) are not correct. Option (d) is also incorrect as the microwave is totally different from the conventional oven. Hence, option (c) is the most appropriate answer.
Question2:- What is the intention of the author in the sentence ‘Don't try this at home’?
  • A. The experiment cannot be performed in home conditions.
  • B. There is a risk in performing the experiment in the home conditions.
  • C. Microwaves are not for home use.
  • D. Only researchers can handle the high temperature in the process.
Answer is B is correct. To understand the intention of the author in the passage, read the preceding sentence and the following sentence to this sentence. The author is cautioning readers, not to try chemical reactions involving the metal in the microwave at home. It can be dangerous.
So, option (b) is the correct option.
Question3:- The passage provides a description of -
  • A. The functioning of the modified microwave.
  • B. The nature of the metal nitrides formed in the microwave.
  • C. The author’s own idea of such a microwave.
  • D. The way this microwave can be used to manufacture ceramic.
Answer is B is correct. The passage is not about the nature of metal nitrides, so option (b) can be eliminated. Option c looks insensible as the description of the new microwave is on the basis of studies conducted by the researchers. It is not a product of the author’s fantasy. So, option (c) is also not correct.
Ceramics have been discussed as a protection system used in the microwave. (Option d)
It is clear that the passage talks about the formation of various metal nitrides in the microwave. So, option (b) is the best answer.
Question4:- What qualities are shown by the products formed after the reaction of nitrogen and metals?
  • A. They can resist heat to a great extent.
  • B. They are useful for insulation.
  • C. They serve as good conductors of electricity.
  • D. They are basically cooling agents.
Answer is A is correct. The answer is inherent in the passage. It is mentioned that the metal nitrides resist chemical corrosion; wear and high temperatures make them extremely useful. Other nitrides are used as catalysts (vanadium nitride) and protective coatings (titanium nitride).
Electricity and cooling agents are not discussed as to their properties. Option (c) and (d) are not correct.
Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
Question5:- It is usually difficult to manufacture compounds of nitrogen because-
  • A. Nitrogen does not react easily with any element.
  • B. It requires a lot of time and extremely particular conditions.
  • C. These cannot be stored in normal conditions.
  • D. Of their sensitivity to moisture.
Answer is B is correct. The author says that nitrides are a pain to make. Temperature control must be precise, the atomised metallic powder can explode and it can take several days for enough nitrogen to diffuse into the metal. So, option (b) is the correct answer. other options do not find support in the passage.