The judicial system in India is one of the most constructive and effective systems in the world. The constitution divides the government into three branches namely the Legislature, Judiciary and Executive. The judiciary is an important branch of the Indian government. It is an independent body different from the executive and legislature. The judiciary acts as a check to keep both the executive and the legislature in their mandated roles. The main task of judiciary is to bring justice to the people.

The Indian judiciary inherited its legal system from British colonial rule; it was built after two centuries of colonial rule by the British. The unified court system was introduced by the Government of India Act in 1935 and enforces both central and state law. In India, there are various tiers and jurisdictions of the judicial system, each with its own set of courts and distinct powers. The Supreme Court of India sits at the top, followed by the High Courts of their respective states, where district judges sit in District Courts, Magistrates of Second Class, and Civil Judge (Junior Division) sit at the bottom of the importance hierarchy. Civil and criminal cases, as well as disagreements between individuals and the government, are heard in courts.

On June 6, 1861, Secretary of state Sir Charles Wood moved the Indian High Courts bill in the House of Commons. On August 6, 1861, the British Parliament finally approved the Indian High Courts Act. "An Act for establishing High Courts of Judicature in India" was the title of the act. This Act gave the crown the authority to issue letter's patents under the great seal of the United Kingdom and to build and establish High Courts in Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay. Presently there are 25 High courts in India. High Courts are the highest court of appeal in a state and are subordinate to the Supreme Court of India. The Articles 214 to 232 of the Indian Constitution deals with the composition, appointment, powers, procedures, etc. of the High Court judicature.

Original, appellate, and advisory jurisdiction are all vested in the Supreme Court. Any dispute between the Centre and a State or States, as well as matters pertaining to the enforcement of individuals’ fundamental rights, falls under its exclusive original jurisdiction. The appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court is available in both civil and criminal cases. The residuary power of Special Leave Petition can also be used to invoke the Supreme Court's appellate jurisdiction. Decisions made by the Supreme Court serve as precedent for lower courts and are legally binding on all courts and tribunals in the nation. Article 141 of the Indian Constitution mandates all courts to adhere to the Supreme Court's decision as the law. Article 143 contains Advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under which the president can ask for the opinion of Supreme Court on matter of public importance.

The judicial administration of a state is headed by the High Court. Out of 25 High Courts, three have jurisdiction over more than one state. Delhi, Jammu& Kashmir and Ladakh are Union Territories with their own High Courts. Each high court consists of a Chief Justice and other judges as appointed by the President from time to time. Every High Court has ability to issue to any individual within its purview of jurisdiction orders, or writs. The writs issued by High Court are habeas corpus, mandamus, quo warranto and certiorari for implementation of fundamental rights. Each High Court has powers of supervision over all lower courts within its jurisdiction. It may call for returns from these courts, make and enact general rules and prescribe forms to govern their practice and procedure and to determine the manner in which book entries and accounts are to be kept.