17 Jan 2024

Daily practice questions for CLAT - (17 Jan 2024)



Dreams are periods of mental activity that occur during sleep in which the sleeping person experiences imagination and visions. The science behind dreams is limited, and the exact function remains unclear – but research has shed light on some of the mechanisms behind dreaming. Long considered an intensely subjective and deeply personal experience, dreams are slowly opening out to research methodology and in the process spilling the secrets of consciousness, volitionand the nature of imaginary worlds. At the absolute cutting edge of dream research today lies the study of an elusive and unusual type of dream called a ‘lucid dream’. Simply put, a lucid dream in which he knows, at the time of the dream, that one is dreaming and that one can then control the course of the dream. Although only a small percentage of people have lucid dreams, there are now methods available that can induce such dreams in people. Keath Hearne of the University of Hull and Stephan LaBerge of Standford University, California, realized that if a person (who was conscious that he or she was dreaming) could somehow communicate to the outside world, it would open a whole new process of dialogue between the conscious and the unconscious. Hearne exploited the fact that in dream sleep, the eyes move. He thought perhaps a lucid dreamer could signal by moving the eyes in a predetermined pattern and, in 1980, succeeded in making a volunteer move his eyes left and right eight times in succession. From there it was a simple step to use the movements in Morse code to make whole sentences. One of the next steps envisaged is to link the Morse signals to a speech synthesizer for a real conversation to take place. What can we expect to get out of all this? For one thing, there is a great debate going on at present about the nature of dreams that could possibly be resolved. An older school still clings to the Freudian viewpoint of dreams being representations of unconscious wish fulfilment symbolism while another newer one maintains they are nothing more than random electrochemical bursts which the brain then does its best to put into some sort of coherent scenario as visual imagery. If a person could talk about what he or she is seeing while it is happening, dream interpretation could finally take place with the dreamer participating in real-time. On the other hand, investigators could try to stimulate various areas of the brain through electrodes to see what, if any, effect it has on the content of dreams while getting simultaneous feedback from the dreamer. This could lend support to their theory.

Question1:- Which of the statements the author would most likely disagree with?
  • A. Dream research is chiefly developing strategies for research into eye movement.
  • B. Research shows that the dreamer can be made to simultaneously participate in the real world.
  • C. Visual imagery and its relation with Morse code are indeed very complex.
  • D. Visual imagery represents wish fulfilment.
Answer is A is correct. A person in dream sleep moves his eyes in an established fact. The author is conducting research on this topic. Hence, option (a) is the correct answer. The last part of the passage mentions it. Refer to the lines – ‘Hearne exploited the fact that in dream sleep, the eyes ………to link the Morse signals to a speech synthesizer for a real conversation to take place.’ Option (b) Research shows that the dreamer can be made to simultaneously participate in the real world. This is mentioned in the passage. Last para of the passage. Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.
Question2:- The most important aspect of dream research is the way it has made-
  • A. Its link of the subconscious with the unconscious.
  • B. Its link of the conscious with the unconscious.
  • C. Its relationship of volition with the Morse code.
  • D. Its investigation is complete.
Answer is A is correct. Dream research is still in a nascent stage and has not established any linkages. Hence, option (a) is the most appropriate answer. The answer can be inferred from the lines ‘. At the absolute cutting edge of dream research today lies the study of an elusive and unusual type of dream called a ‘lucid dream’. Hence, (a) is the correct answer.
Question3:- What is true regarding the Freudian concept of dreams?
  • A. It has not been antiquated.
  • B. It relies heavily on the unfulfilled part of the unconscious.
  • C. It is very stimulating.
  • D. Both (a) and (b)
Answer is B is correct. The Freudian concept is discussed in the passage in paragraph 3; thus option (b) is the correct answer. Refer to the lines- ‘An older school still clings to the Freudian viewpoint of dreams being representations of unconscious wish fulfilment symbolism’. It is clear the Freudian concept of dreams depend on the unfulfilled part of the unconscious. Option (a) means that theory is not an old age theory. Option (c) means that theory is exciting. Hence, option (b) is the correct answer
Question4:- What is the synonym of the word ‘volition’ as used in the passage?
  • A. Deliberation
  • B. Dependency
  • C. Dejected
  • D. Obligatory
Answer is A is correct. : Volition means done, made, or given with one's own free will. Deliberation is its synonym. Obligatory means to do something that is forced. It is an antonym of volition. Dejected means sorrowful. It is not related to volition. Dependency is remotely opposite of volition. Hence, option (a) is the best answer.
Question5:- What can be assumed about the state of mind of a person during the dream?
  • A. Mind is dormant during dreams.
  • B. Mind is hyperactive during dreams.
  • C. Mind has no role in dreams.
  • D. Mind is active during dreams
Answer is D is correct. It is stated in the first line of the paragraph that the brain remains active during the dreaming process. So, options (a) and (c) can be eliminated. As ‘hyper activeness’ of the mind is not discussed in the passage. Option (b) cannot be certified from the passage. Hence, option (d) is the correct statement.