Answer is C is correct. As per Section 154(3) an aggrieved person can approach the superintendent of police and later on his refusal or otherwise, can further approach the magistrate. Therefore option (c) is the correct answer.

Answer is C is correct. FIR is not defined under the criminal code. It can only be used to corroborate or contradict the evidence provided by the informant and cannot be used as a substantive evidence and no conviction can be made on that basis only. Therefore option (c) is the correct answer.

Answer is C is correct. Complaint means “any allegation made orally or in writing to a Magistrate, with a view to his taking action under this Code that some person, whether known or unknown, has committed an offence, but does not include a police report. Explanation.—A report made by a police officer in a case which discloses, after investigation, the commission of a non- cognizable offence shall be deemed to be a complaint; and the police officer by whom such report is made shall be deemed to be the complainant” hence it can be made orally or in writing. Therefore option (c) is the correct answer.

Answer is A is correct. In Lily Thomas v. Union of India case Supreme Court ruled that any Member of Parliament (MP), Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) or Member of a Legislative Council (MLC) who is convicted of a crime and given a minimum of two years' imprisonment, loses membership of the House with immediate effect. Therefore option (a) is the correct answer.

Answer is D is correct. The amendment is valid as it removes the inconsistency of the law and hence enforceable. Therefore option (d) is the correct answer.