Answer is a is correct. BNSS, 2023 has redefined rape laws to be gender-neutral, ensuring that victims of sexual offences are not restricted by gender identity, unlike IPC, 1860, which defined rape as an offence committed against women only. Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.

Answer is c is correct. Article 124 of the Indian Constitution empowers the Parliament to make laws to increase the number of judges in the Supreme Court. While the President appoints the judges, the Parliament determines the total strength of the court. The number of judges has been increased several times by parliamentary legislation. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.

Answer is b is correct. The doctrine of legitimate expectation is an aspect of the principle of fairness in administrative law. It holds that if a public authority has made a promise or established a practice that a person can reasonably expect to be followed, the authority must either follow that practice or provide a compelling reason for not doing so. This doctrine prevents arbitrary changes in policy and ensures consistency in administrative actions. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.

Answer is a is correct. A "Court of Record" is a court whose proceedings are recorded and whose records are admitted as evidence of the facts recorded. Both the Supreme Court and the High Courts in India are "Courts of Record." An inherent part of being a Court of Record is the power to punish for contempt of itself, as this power is essential for maintaining its dignity and authority and for ensuring the due administration of justice. Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.

Answer is d is correct. In this case, the Supreme Court held that officers under the NDPS Act are considered "police officers" under Section 25, making confessions made to them inadmissible. Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.