Answer is a is correct. In Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978), the Supreme Court expanded the scope of Article 21 by holding that the "procedure established by law" must be just, fair, and reasonable, not arbitrary. This was a major shift from the earlier view in A.K. Gopalan, and marked a milestone in Indian constitutional jurisprudence. Therefore, option A is correct.

Answer is c is correct. Article 22(4) provides that no person can be held under preventive detention for more than three months unless an Advisory Board (comprising judges of a High Court) reports sufficient cause for continued detention. This acts as a safeguard against arbitrary detention. Therefore, option C is correct.

Answer is b is correct. The directive does not violate Article 25, which guarantees freedom of religion. Covering statues of elephants was an election-related administrative decision to ensure a level playing field. The action is secular and has nothing to do with religious practices, hence Article 25 is not attracted. Therefore, option B is correct.

Answer is c is correct. Ulpian, a Roman jurist, provided one of the earliest definitions of jurisprudence. His definition reflects the Roman approach, treating law as a moral and philosophical discipline encompassing both divine and human affairs, as well as justice and injustice. Therefore, option C is correct.