Answer is c is correct. The doctrine of ‘res ipsa loquitur’ is embodied under Section 106 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 which deals with the burden of proof in cases where a fact is within the special knowledge of a person. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.

Answer is a is correct. Section-3(5) of B.N.S. which is based on common intention just provides the rule for determining the liability of person when the offence is committed by several person. It does not create the distinct offence. Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.

Answer is b is correct. Section 13 of BNS, 2023. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.

Answer is d is correct. The right to ‘equality before the law’ contained in Article 14 of the Constitution of India is available to all persons whether natural or legal. Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.

Answer is b is correct. ‘Former suit’ in the context of rule of res judicata means a suit which has been decided prior to the suit in question. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.