The Controversy Around Santhara: A Jain Practice Under Scrutiny

Santhara or Sallekhana, the concept of voluntary fast-unto-death, is a significant spiritual practice in Jainism. It involves progressively reducing food and liquid intake with the intention of death for spiritual purification. While considered a sacred rite by many within the Jain community, it has also faced legal and ethical challenges, particularly in light of a recent incident in Madhya Pradesh involving the death of a 3-year-old child. The parents of the child post her demise received a certificate from the Golden Book of World Records. The news is now making rounds since the Madhya Pradesh Child Rights Activists Group has taken cognizance of the same, recently.

Understanding Santhara

Santhara is regarded as a vow undertaken when life has served its purpose. It's not considered suicide but a gradual detachment from life, allowing the individual to focus on spiritual matters as death approaches. The process is typically carried out under strict religious vows and the guidance of a spiritual leader.

Legal and Ethical Dilemmas

The debate around Santhara isn't new. In 2015, the Rajasthan High Court declared it illegal, equating it to suicide. However, this decision was stayed by the Supreme Court of India, which recognized the practice's constitutional validity by acknowledging the essential religious practices under Article 25 of the Indian Constitution.

The recent death of a 3-year-old in Madhya Pradesh has reignited the controversy. While supporters argue that the child's Santhara was a case of advanced spiritual understanding, critics argue that it amounts to child neglect and a violation of the child's right to life. This incident has raised critical questions:

• • Can Santhara be considered a valid spiritual practice for someone incapable of making an informed decision?
• • Where does the state's responsibility to protect its citizens, particularly vulnerable ones, override religious freedom?
• • Is there a need for guidelines on who can undertake Santhara, ensuring that the decision is truly voluntary and informed?

The Way Forward

Santhara is undoubtedly a complex issue with deep religious and philosophical implications. Striking a balance between religious freedom and protecting vulnerable individuals remains a challenge. To prevent potential misuse and ensure the practice aligns with ethical and legal standards, there is a need for:

• • Clear guidelines defining the conditions under which Santhara can be considered valid.
• • Safeguards to protect vulnerable individuals, such as minors or those with mental incapacities.
• • Greater awareness and education about the practice, both within and outside the Jain community.

The incident in Madhya Pradesh is a reminder that while religious freedom is a fundamental right, it cannot come at the cost of human life, especially when the individual is incapable of making a sound decision.